ଓସ୍ମାନ୍ଥସ୍ ଫୁଲ桂花

Classification and Origin

osmanthus wonunkhira, Osmanthus fragrans, banja la maolivi (Oleaceae).

maluŵa otukuka (timagulu ta maluŵa), otoleredwa ndi kuumitsidwa.

Origin: Guangxi, Hubei, Zhejiang, komanso Yunnan, Sichuan, Jiangsu ndi madera ena a subtropical.

Type: chakumwa cha zomera cha maluŵa, "choloweza m'malo mwa tiyi" (代用茶, dàiyòng chá).

Facts

chilembo 桂 (guì) chokha chili ndi matanthauzo ambiri ndipo chingatanthauze sinamoni/cassia (肉桂, ròuguì — cassia, komanso oolong wotchuka wa Wuyi), koma 桂花 (guìhuā) amatanthauza ndendende maluŵa a osmanthus, osati zonunkhira.

osmanthus wasankhidwa kukhala chizindikiro cha maluŵa cha mizinda ingapo ya China ndipo amalumikizidwa mwamphamvu ndi mkhalidwe wa dzinja.

ngakhale timaluŵa tili tating'ono kwambiri, fungo lawo limamveka patali, zomwe zapangitsa chomeracho kukhala chokondedwa m'minda ndi m'mapaki.

maluŵa omwewo amagwira ntchito ngati chakumwa, komanso ngati chonunkhiritsa ma dessert, vinyo ndi ma syrup.

History and Culture

nthano ya wodula nkhuni Wu Gang (吴刚, Wú Gāng), amene anaweruzidwa kuti azidula nthawi zonse mtengo wa osmanthus womwe umamera pamwezi, ndi ya mulungu wamkazi wa pamwezi Chang'e (嫦娥, Cháng'é).

mwambi woti "kuthyola nthambi ya osmanthus mu Nyumba ya Mwezi" (蟾宫折桂, chán gōng zhé guì) unkatanthauza kupambana pa mayeso a boma, kutanthauza kupambana kwakukulu kwa moyo.

osmanthus wotsekedwa ndi shuga (糖桂花, táng guìhuā), makeke a osmanthus (桂花糕, guìhuā gāo) ndi vinyo wa osmanthus (桂花酒, guìhuā jiǔ).

Botany and Raw Material

chitsamba chobiriŵira nthawi zonse kapena mtengo waung'ono womwe msinkhu wake nthawi zambiri umafika 3–10 m.

akhungu, oyang'anizana, olongosoka, okhala ndi m'mphepete mosalala kapena kung'ono-ng'ono mano.

ang'onoang'ono kwambiri (pafupifupi 4–5 mm), osonkhanitsidwa m'magulu ku makwapa a masamba, okhala ndi fungo lamphamvu kwambiri ngakhale ali ang'ono.

kuchokera kuyera ndi koyera mtupa kufika ku wachikasu wagolide ndi wofiira walalanje — kutengera gulu la mitundu.

Terroir

malo a karst, nyengo yotentha yachinyezi, mgwirizano wa mbiri ndi chikhalidwe cha osmanthus.

limodzi mwa malo odziŵika a kulima, mzinda umalumikizidwa mokhazikika ndi osmanthus.

mudzi wa Manjuelong (满觉陇, Mǎnjuélǒng) ndi wotchuka chifukwa cha minda ya osmanthus ndi "mvula ya tinthu tamaluŵa" ya m'dzinja.

Production

pa nthawi yapamwamba kwambiri ya maluŵa, nthawi zambiri m'mawa kwambiri, pamene fungo lili lathunthu.

kuchotsa tinthambi, masamba ndi zinyalala, kusankha maluŵa ofiira.

pa kutentha kotsika kapena pamthunzi, kusunga mtundu ndi zinthu zosakhazikika za fungo.

mwaukhondo, mwakusunga bwino ndi mwakufanana kwa mtundu.

Organoleptic Profile

timaluŵa tating'ono totukuka, kuchokera ku chikasu cha golide kufika ku choyera mtupa kapena cha malalanje.

lotsekemera, la maluŵa ndi zipatso, ndi kamvekedwe ka maapricot, mapichesi ndi uchi.

kuchokera pafupifupi koyera mpaka ku chikasu cha golide chopepuka.

Taste: kofewa, kotsekemera pang'ono, popanda kukoma kwa chowawa; m'kamwa mwake pamatsalira kukoma kwa maluŵa kwanthawi yaitali.

Chemical Composition

γ-decalactone, yomwe nthawi zambiri imanenedwa kuti imakhala ndi kamvekedwe ka maapricot ndi mapichesi.

amatsimikizira mtundu wagolide ndi walalanje wa maluŵa.

zofala m'zinthu za zomera.

Essential Oils: linalool ndi ma okisayidi ake, β-ionone (kamvekedwe ka viola), dihydro-β-ionone.

Health Notes

Health: Zopindulitsa

M'miyambo ya tsiku ndi tsiku ya China, osmanthus amanenedwa kuti ali ndi khalidwe "lotenthetsa", amatha kutsitsimutsa mpweya ndi kuthandizira chakudya mofewa; nthawi zambiri amawonjezeredwa ku tiyi ndi zopangira chifukwa cha fungo ndi kumva "kotentha", makamaka mu nyengo yozizira. Sayansi yamakono imaphunzira zochita za antioxidant za mankhwala omwe ali m'maluŵa ndi makhalidwe awo a fungo, komabe izi ndi kafukufuku wa kapangidwe ndi zoyesera zachitsanzo, osati kutsimikizira zochita za mankhwala a chakumwacho.

Chenjezo lachindunji ndilofunika: maluŵa a osmanthus ndi chinthu cha chakudya, osati mankhwala, ndipo palibe lonjezano lililonse lachipatala lomwe lingaperekedwe. Zonena za thanzi za malonda a pa sitolo zimapitirira muyeso wa encyclopedia. Monga momwe zilili ndi chakumwa chilichonse cha zitsamba, kudziletsa ndi kusamala ndikofunika pa nthawi ya pakati, pamene mukumwa mankhwala ndi pamene munthu salolera mwa iye yekha; ngati pali kukayika, ndi koyenera kufunsa katswiri. Apa mfundozi zachulidwa mosalowerera, popanda mlingo ndi malangizo.

Brewing

pafupifupi 2–4 g ya maluŵa ouma pa 200–250 ml a madzi; ngati chowonjezera cha fungo ku tiyi — chochepa kwambiri.

pafupifupi 85–90 °C; madzi otentha kwambiri amawononga fungo lofewa.

kuthira koyamba pafupifupi maminiti 1–2, kenako monga mwakukondera.

maluŵa amatha kupirira kuthira kochepa kochepa kangapo, pang'onopang'ono akupereka fungo.

Teaware: kapu ya galasi kapena gaiwan amalola kusangalala ndi kutuluka kwa maluŵa; mbale yaung'ono ingakhalenso yoyenera.

Storage

Container: paketi yosapita mpweya kapena chitini chotsekedwa mwamphamvu.

malo owuma ozizira, opanda kuwala ndi fungo lachilendo.

chinyezi, kutentha, kuwala ndi mpweya — izo zimawononga zinthu zosakhazikika za fungo.

Price and Authenticity

pafupifupi 340 ¥/kg kwa zinthu zouma zabwino; uwu ndi mtengo wa ogulitsa ambiri, osati mtengo wa pa sitolo.

zilembo monga "AAA" zimasonyeza kusankha kwapamwamba — maluŵa akuluakulu, athunthu, ofanana mtundu ndi fungo lamphamvu.

tinthambi tambiri, masamba ndi zinyalala zimatsitsa mlingo.

mtundu wachilengedwe chomwe uli wakuthwa kwambiri, "wolira" ndi madzi a utoto akatsuka — chizindikiro chosautsa.

mtundu wofowoka, fungo lofowoka kapena la kuvunda.

pansi pa dzina la "osmanthus" nthawi zina amagulitsa ndendende 桂花乌龙 kapena 桂花红茶 — kutanthauza tiyi ndi chowonjezera, osati maluŵa enieni.