ජිංතිං ලූ ෂුවේ

Classification and Origin

Category: Amatiye amadumile omlando ase-China (历史名茶, lìshǐ míngchá).

Coordinates: Cishe u-31°00′ enyakatho, u-118°40′ empumalanga.

Origin: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Anhui (安徽, Ānhuī), idolobha lase-Xuānchéng (宣城, Xuānchéng), isifunda sase-Xuānzhōu (宣州区, Xuānzhōu Qū), intaba i-Jìngtíngshān (敬亭山, Jìngtíng Shān). Umnyombo wokukhiqiza ugxile esiqongweni esikhulu i-Yī Fēng (一峰, Yī Fēng) nasezingadini eziseduze zetiye — i-Míngxiāngtái (茗香台), i-Shàngshíbà (上十坝) kanye nezinye iziza emithambekeni enomthunzi ekuphakameni kwamamitha angama-300–500.

Type: Itiye eliluhlaza (elingavutshelwe), hōngqīng (烘青, hōngqīng) — eyomiswe ngendlela yokushisa (ukomiswa kwebhasikidi).

History and Culture

Cultural Significance: Intaba i-Jìngtíngshān ingenye yezintaba ezidumile ‘zezimbongi’ (诗山, Shī Shān) e-Southern China. Yadunyiswa ngisho nangaphambili yimbongi yase-Southern Qi u-Xiè Tiǎo (谢朓, Xiè Tiǎo, 464–499), futhi imbongi enkulu u-Lǐ Bái (李白, Lǐ Bái) wakhuphuka kule ntaba izikhathi eziyisikhombisa futhi washiya izinkondlo ezingama-45, kuhlanganise nethi ‘Ngihleli Ngedwa Entabeni i-Jìngtíng’ (《独坐敬亭山》). Ngaphezu kweminyaka eyinkulungwane — kusukela ezinkathini ze-Six Dynasties kuya e-Qing — lentaba yahlonishwa ngababhali abangaphezu kuka-300, kuhlanganise no-Bái Jūyì, Dù Mù, Ōuyáng Xiū, Huáng Tíngjiān, Sū Shì no-Wén Tiānxiáng. Itiye elazalelwa emithambekeni yale ntaba eyinganekwane, kusukela ekuqaleni lalihlobene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nesiko lemibhalo. Imbongi ye-Qing u-Shī Rùnzhāng wabhala ngayo: ‘Ngithela ku-porcelain emhlophe — angikwazi ukuhlukanisa namanzi amsulwa, kubukeka sengathi iphunga lezimbali liphathwe umfudlana wasentabeni’. Umdwebi u-Méi Gēng (梅庚, Méi Gēng) naye walincoma leli tiye, ephawula ukuthi ‘umbala walo unjengamanzi asekwindla, futhi ukunambitheka kunjenge-orchid’. I-Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě kanye ne-Huangshan Mao Feng ne-Liu An Gua Pian yakha ‘abathathu abakhulu bamatiye ase-Anhui’ (安徽三大名茶) abayisisekelo.

History: I-Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě yadalwa ngesikhathi sobukhosi be-Ming (1368–1644). Ngesikhathi sokubusa kwe-Ming ne-Qing, leli tiye lafakwa kuhlu lwamatiye entela asenkantolo yombusi. Ngokwe-‘County Chronicle of Xuānchéng’ (《宣城县志》, Xuānchéng Xiànzhì), nge-Ming-Qing kwakuthunyelwa ngonyaka amakhilogremu angaba ngu-150 wale tiye enkantolo. Ngesikhathi sika-Kāngxī imbongi nesazi u-Shī Rùnzhāng (施闰章, Shī Rùnzhāng) walidumisa leli tiye ngezinkondlo, okwaqinisa udumo lwalo emibhalweni. Ngasekupheleni kwenkathi ye-Qing ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza balahleka. Ngo-1972 imboni yetiye yaseMount Jìngtíngshān (敬亭山茶场) yaqala umsebenzi wokuvuselela iresiphi, kwathi ngo-1978 ubuchwepheshe baphinde badalwa ngempumelelo. Ngo-1976 umbhali nodokotela wezomphakathi u-Guō Mòruò (郭沫若, Guō Mòruò) wabhala ngesandla umbhalo othi ‘Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě’, owaba wuphawu lwetiye. Ngo-1983 leli tiye lathola isitifiketi sokuhlonipha soMnyango Wezangaphandle e-China. Ngo-2010 ubuchwepheshe bokuphisa i-Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě bafakwa kuhlu lwamagugu angabambeki esifundazweni sase-Anhui. Indlela yokuqoqa nokucubungula leli tiye yafakwa ezincwadini ezisemthethweni zokufundela ezikhungweni eziphakeme zemfundo yetiye.

Name Breakdown: Ingxenye ngayinye yegama inencazelo. ‘Jìngtíng’ (敬亭) yigama lentaba; ekuqaleni yayibizwa nge-Zhāotíngshān (昭亭山, Zhāotíng Shān), kodwa ekuqaleni kobukhosi be-Western Jin (AD 266) yaqanjwa kabusha ukuze kugwemwe igama lombusi u-Sīmǎ Zhāo (司马昭). ‘Lǜ’ (绿, lǜ) — ‘okuluhlaza’, kukhombisa umbala wezimbaza namaqabunga etiye. ‘Xuě’ (雪, xuě) — ‘iqhwa’, kuchaza uboya obumhlophe (bai hao) obumboza kakhulu izingcezu zetiye, okuthi lapho kuphuzwa kuhlukane futhi kuzungeze emanzini, kudale umphumela wamakhekheba eqhwa awayo. Kunenganekwane yesintu: ngokwenganekwane, u-Lǜ Xuě (‘Iqhwa Eliluhlaza’) kwakuyigama lentombazane eyingcweti eyayenza itiye elimangalisayo. Lapho ibalekela izimfuno zesikhulu sendawo, yaziphonsa esaweni, kwathi amaqabunga awo etiye asakazeka ebhasikidini layo ahlumela kuwo wonke umthambeka wentaba. Abantu baqamba leli tiye ngegama layo ukuze bamkhumbule.

Botany and Raw Material

Ezingeni elikhethekile (tèjí) — izimbaza eziwodwa kuphela noma izimbaza ezineqabunga lokuqala elingakavuleki; ezingeni lokuqala — imbaza eneqabunga elilodwa; kwelesibili — imbaza enamacembe amabili aqala ukuvuleka. Izidingo zokuqoqa zichazwa ngamagama amane: ‘nèn, jūn, jìng, qí’ (嫩、均、净、齐) — ubumnene, ukufana, ubumsulwa, ukulingana.

Cultivar: I-cultivar eyinhloko i-Xuānchéng Jiānyè (宣城尖叶, Xuānchéng Jiānyè) — iyinhlobo yembewu eyamukelwa ngokusemthethweni kuzwelonke (国家级有性系良种). Lolu hlobo lwesihlahla (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis) lunamaqabunga aphakathi nendawo, isihlahla esivuleke kancane. Amahlumela amancane anombala ophuzi-oluhlaza, ambozwe kakhulu uboya. Isisindo sezimbaza eziyikhulu ezisezingeni elijwayelekile ‘imbaza namaqabunga amathathu’ singaba ngu-64 g. I-cultivar ibonakala ngokumelana okuphezulu nobandayo nesomiso, kanye nokuhlala isencane isikhathi eside kwamahlumela (持嫩性强, chí nèn xìng qiáng).

Picking: Ukuqoqwa kwenzeka minyaka yonke esikhathini esisuka ku-Qīngmíng (清明, Qīngmíng, ekuqaleni kuka-April) kuya ku-Gǔyǔ (谷雨, Gǔyǔ, maphakathi ngasekupheleni kuka-April). Izinga lokuqoqwa — ‘iqabunga elilodwa lika imbaza eyodwa’ (一叶抱一芯): imbaza engakavuleki noma esanda kuvuleka kancane eneqabunga elilodwa elincane elinobude obucishe bube yi-cùn (寸, ~3.3 cm).

Raw Material: Amahlumela amancane kuphela, angenamonakalo, angenawo amaqabunga amabi, alinganayo ngosayizi, angenawo iphunga elingafanele noma ukungcola.

Terroir

Altitude: Izingadi zetiye eziyinhloko zitholakala ekuphakameni kwamamitha angama-300–500 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezibaluleke kakhulu ziqoqwa emithambekeni enomthunzi (enyakatho) eseduze nesiqongo esikhulu.

Soil: Inhlabathi yakhiwe ngenxa yokuguguleka kwe-sandstone. Ukusabela kune-acidic kancane (pH 4.5–5.0), okuqukethe okuningi kwe-humus nezinto zamaminerali, kuhlanganise ne-selenium ne-iodine. Lokhu kwakheka kunikeza itiye iphrofayili ye-mineral egcwele futhi kusiza ekwakhekeni kwephunga eliyingqayizivele.

Intaba i-Jìngtíngshān itholakala endaweni yenguquko phakathi kwezintaba zase-Southern Anhui (皖南山区) kanye nethafa elingasogwini loMfula i-Yangtze. Isimo sezulu singaphansi kwe-subtropical sinezikhathi ezine ezicacile. Ukushisa okuphakathi ngonyaka kungu-15–16.8 °C. Imvula yonyaka ingu-1500–2000 mm. Isikhathi esingenasithwathwa singaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-220. Umswakama ophakathi wonyaka ungaphezu kuka-80%. Ukumboza kwehlathi e-Jìngtíngshān kufinyelela ku-96.3%, ngenxa yalokho izihlahla zetiye zithola ukukhanya okusakazekile ikakhulukazi, okusiza ukuqoqwa kwama-amino acid futhi kuvimbele ukwakheka kwemicu eqinile emahlumela.

Organoleptic Profile

Dry Leaf Appearance: Izingcezu zetiye zinesimo ‘solimi lomjinge’ (雀舌形, quèshé xíng) — ziqondile, ziqinile, ziyisicaba kancane, zikhipha isiphethu lapho zithintwa. Umbala — oluhlaza okotshani ocebile, ucwebezela ngoboya obumhlophe obuningi, kwezinye izindawo kunokucwazimula okuphuzi okusagolide (tèjí, 特级). Izingcezu azinazicucu nothuli. Itiye lezinga eliphezulu libonakala ngokuqina okukhethekile kokugoqeka kanye nokucwazimula okukhanyayo.

Dry Leaf Aroma: Inothi elivelele — i-castanea eyosiwe (板栗香, bǎnlì xiāng), yenezelwe ngamathoni e-orchid (兰花香, lánhuā xiāng). Ngokuya ngesimo sezulu esincane sendawo kungavela futhi iphunga lezimbali ze-honeysuckle (金银花香, jīnyínhuā xiāng). Iphunga lisha, lihlanzekile, lihlala isikhathi eside.

Liquor Aroma: Eligcwele futhi elihlala isikhathi eside, elinomnyombo ocacile we-castanea, amathoni e-flowery kanye nesisekelo esisha ‘esiluhlaza’. Lapho inkomishi iphola kuvumbuka amathoni ojuyela wezinyosi nawamantongomane.

Liquor Color: Oluhlaza okotshani othambile onombala ophuzi (嫩绿明亮, nèn lǜ míng liàng), okucacile futhi okuhlanzekile. Lapho kuphuzwa engilazini yokuqala kuyabonakala kahle ukuthi izinwele ezimhlophe zihlukana eqabungeni futhi zizungeza emanzini, zidala umphumela odumile ‘weqhwa eliluhlaza’.

Spent Leaves: Amaqabunga amancane, anwebekayo, aluhlaza okukhanyayo kanye nezimbaza, eziqoqwe ngezixha eziqinile (成朵状, chéng duǒ zhuàng). Umbala ofanayo nokuqina kweqabunga kufakazela izinga lezinto zokusetshenziswa nokuphathwa kwawo ngobumnene.

Taste: Okusha (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng), okuthambile futhi okuhambisanayo (醇和, chúnhé), okunoshukela ocacile (甘, gān) kanye nokunambitheka okuphindayo okumnandi okuhlala kuphumile (回甘, huígān). Umzimba unomthumano ophakathi, awunakho ukunambitheka okubi noma ukuhwamuka okweqile lapho kuphuzwa ngendlela efanele. Itiye lezinga elikhethekile libuye liveze inothi lamabhontshisi amasha nokhilimu.

Chemical Composition

Alkaloids: I-caffeine (咖啡碱, kāfēi jiǎn) — ingxenye eyinhloko ephaphamisayo, esebenza ngokuhlanganyela ne-L-theanine. Kukhona futhi i-theobromine ne-theophylline.

Amino Acids: Ukuqukethwe kwama-amino acid akhululekile kungu-4.3%, okuyizinga eliphezulu lamatiye aluhlaza. Ingxenye enkulu itholakala ku-L-theanine (L-茶氨酸, L-chá'ānjīsuān), onikeza ubumnandi obuyisici, ukugcwala okufana ne-umami ngencasa, kanye nokusebenzisana okuhambisanayo ne-caffeine ‘kokuhlala uqaphile ngobumnene’.

Essential Oils: Iphrofayili yephunga yakheka ngesikhathi sokuqiniswa (shāqīng) kanye nokomisa kokugcina ngamalahle. Ama-compound amakhulu akha iphunga ahlanganisa ama-pyrazine (amanothi e-castanea), i-linalool ne-geraniol (amathoni e-flowery).

Minerals: I-potassium, i-manganese. Kubhalwa ukuqukethwe kwe-fluoride olusukela ku-200–300 ppm, okusiza ukuqinisa i-enamel yamazinyo. Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kunikeza ukuba khona kwama-trace elements — i-selenium ne-iodine.

Polyphenols: Ukuqukethwe kwama-polyphenol etiye kungu-31.1% — okungaphezulu kakhulu kunesilinganiso samanye amatiye aluhlaza. Ama-catechin amakhulu — i-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), i-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), i-epigallocatechin (EGC). Ukuqukethwe kwawo wonke ama-catechin kungu-14.7%. Umsebenzi we-antioxidant wama-polyphenol aleli tiye, ngokwemibiko, uphakeme ngezikhathi ezingu-18 kunalezo ze-vithamini E.

Vitamins: Ivithamini C (i-ascorbic acid) — ezintweni zokusebenza ezintsha ukuqukethwe kuphezulu, kuncipha kancane ngenxa yokomiswa ngebhasikidi okuhle. Amavithamini e-B group (B₁, B₂). Ivithamini K.

Health Notes

Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-catechin (ama-polyphenol angu-31.1%) kunikeza umnyakazo onamandla wokunciphisa ama-free radical, kusekela impilo yeseli futhi kubambezele izinqubo zokuguga ngenxa ye-oxidation.

I-caffeine ngokuhlanganyela ne-L-theanine idala isimo sokugxila okuzolile ngaphandle kokukhuphuka nokuwa okukhulu kwamandla, njengoba kwenzeka ngekhofi.

I-L-theanine ivuselela ukukhiqizwa kwamaza e-alpha ebuchosheni, ithuthukise ukugxilisa ingqondo, isivinini sokusabela, nokucabanga okucacile.

Ama-polyphenol nezinto ezikhamisayo zivuselela ukukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme okugaya futhi zenze kube lula ukugaywa kokudla okunamafutha. Ngokwesiko leli tiye liphuzwa emva kokudla.

Ama-catechin asiza ekwehliseni amazinga e-cholesterol enziwe i-oxidized (LDL), asekela ukunwebeka kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi nokulandelwa kancane kwengcindezi yegazi ngokuphuza njalo.

Ukuqukethwe kwe-fluoride okungu-200–300 ppm ngokuhlanganyela nokusebenza kwe-antibacterial kwama-catechin (ukucindezelwa kokukhula kwamagciwane abangela izimbobo Streptococcus mutans) kusiza ukuvimbela izimbobo zamazinyo.

Ama-catechin ne-caffeine ngokuhlanganyela asebenzisa i-thermogenesis futhi avuselele i-oxidation yamafutha, kusiza ekulondolozeni isisindo esinempilo.

Contraindications

Izimbaza eziwodwa kuphela noma izinga ‘imbaza + iqabunga lokuqala elingakavuleki’. Isimo — ‘izilimi zomjinge’ eziqondile, ezincane, ezingenasici. Izinwele eziphuzi ezisagolide zimboza okungenani ama-80% wendawo. Iphunga — i-castanea ekhanyayo enama-orchid athambile. Ukunambitheka — okusha ngokweqile, okunoshukela, nokuphawuleka okuhle kwe-huígān. I-soup — iluhlaza okotshani ngobumnene, isobala. Intengo — kusukela ku-1200 yuan nge-jīn.

Izinga ‘imbaza eyodwa — iqabunga elilodwa’. Izingcezu zetiye ziluhlaza okotshani okucwebezelayo zinoboya. Iphunga — lihlanzekile, lihlala isikhathi eside, i-castanea. Ukunambitheka — okuthambile, okuhambisanayo.

Izinga ‘imbaza + amaqabunga amabili aqala ukuvuleka’. Uboya abunakho ukugqama kakhulu. Iphunga — lihlanzekile, kodwa lithambile. Ukunambitheka — okuthambile nokuncipha kwe-huígān.

Amaqabunga avuthiwe ikakhulukazi. Ilungele ukuphuzwa kwansuku zonke nokuhlanganiswa.

Brewing

Tea Amount: 3 g ku-150 ml wamanzi (isilinganiso esingu-1:50). Ngendlela ye-gongfu — 5 g ku-120 ml.

Teaware: Ingilazi yokuqala (iyanconywa lapho uqala ukuqonda — ikuvumela ukubuka umphumela ‘wamakhekheba eqhwa andizayo’); i-gaiwan emhlophe ye-porcelain (盖碗, gàiwǎn) — ilungele ukuhlola iphunga. I-Yixing teapot ayinconywa: ubumba olunesikhala lunganciphisa iphunga elinteketekile le-castanea.

Water Temperature: 80 °C (amanzi abilayo, apholiswe imizuzu emi-3). Kubalulekile ukuthi lingadluli u-85 °C — ukushisa ngokweqile kubulala i-chlorophyll, kubangele ukuphuzi kwe-soup kanye nokuba khona kwesiphuzo esibi.

Comparison

Ivela ezingxenyeni zezintaba zase-Huángshān eningizimu ye-Anhui, ezindaweni eziphakeme ngamamitha angu-700–1200. Iqabunga linesimo esigoqeke kancane esine-‘fish-leaf’ ephuzi-yegolide (鱼叶金黄). Iphunga — i-orchid-flowery, elilula neliphakeme kunethoni ye-castanea ye-Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě. Ukunambitheka kunobusha obucacile nokuhlanzeka nomzimba ophansi.

Ihlukile ngokuthi yenziwa kuphela ngezingqwembe zamaqabunga (ngaphandle kwezimbaza neziqu). Isimo — isicaba, kufana nembewu kazibhelu. Iphunga — elosiwe, lamantongomane, ‘elishisayo’ ngokugqamile. Ukunambitheka kugcwele futhi kucebile. Ngokungafani ne-Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě, lapha awukho umphumela wokubuka wezinsalela ezimhlophe.

Itiye eliluhlaza elinamaqabunga amakhulu elivela esifundeni sase-Tàipíng (manje okuyisifunda sase-Huángshān). Izingcezu zetiye — zinde (kuze kube ngu-7 cm), ziyizicaba, ezinomklamo oyisici we-net. Iphunga — i-orchid ehlala isikhathi eside. Ngosayizi nesimo — kuphambene ngokuphelele ‘nezilimi zomjinge’ ezincane ze-Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě.

Ikhiqizwa eduze nentaba engcwele i-Jiǔhuáshān. Izinga lokuqoqwa nobuchwepheshe busondelene ne-Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě, kodwa iphunga linjengezitshalo kakhulu, inothi ye-castanea ayigqamile. Ukuhlotshaniswa kwamasiko — okwe-Buddhist, ngokumelene nobunikazi ‘obuyimbongi’ be-Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě.

Price and Authenticity

Price Category: Isamba esiphansi ngokusolisayo (esingaphansi kuka-300–400 yuan nge-jīn ku-tèjí ekwi-posithi) — cishe isiqinisekiso sokweqisa.

I-Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě yangempela inesimo esiyingqayizivele ‘solimi lomjinge’ — izingcezu zetiye eziqondile, eziqinile, ezingashintshwanga, ezinoboya obumhlophe obuningi. Ukweqisa kuvame ukubukeka kungaxegile, ngosayizi ongafanayo kanye nezingcezu eziphukile.

Iphunga lemvelo le-castanea elinamathoni e-flowery — wuphawu olubalulekile. Ukungabi khona kwenothi ye-castanea, iphunga ‘letjani’ noma ukubola kuyinkomba yezinga eliphansi noma ukufakwa ezinye izinto ezivela kwezinye izifunda.

Isobala, iluhlaza ngobumnene, ayinakho ukungcola. Ukuba khona ‘kwezinsalela ezindizayo’ kuwuphawu oluhle. I-soup enodaka noma ephuzi ngokumnyama ifakazela izinto ezindala noma ezingenazinga.

Kunconywa ukuthenga kubathengisi abaqinisekisiwe abanolwazi olusobala ngejografi nosuku lokuvuna. Kusukela ngo-2010 ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza buvikelwe yisimo segugu elingabambeki lesifundazwe sase-Anhui.