དིང་ཀུ་ཏ་ཧྥང་།

Classification and Origin

Alt Names: I-Lǎozhú Dà Fāng (老竹大方, “u-Dà Fāng wase-Stare Bamboo Ridge”) — igama elijwayelekile lawo wonke ulayini; i-Zhúpù Dà Fāng (竹铺大方); i-Zhúyè Dà Fāng (竹叶大方, “u-Dà Fāng ofana neqabunga lika-bamboo”); i-Tiěsè Dà Fāng (铁色大方, “u-Dà Fāng onombala wensimbi”); i-Kǎofāng (拷方). “Dǐnggǔ Dà Fāng” (顶谷大方) iyigreyidi ephezulu kakhulu kunazo zonke zalo layini.

Category: Amalithi adumile ase-China (中国名茶). Ngowe-1986 lafakwa ohlwini lwamalithi ombuso asetshenziselwa izithunywa zamanye amazwe (国家外交部礼茶). Livikelwe uphawu lwendawo yemvelaphi (地理标志). “Okhokho bawo wonke amalithi e-green tea ayisicaba” (扁形茶鼻祖) — ngokwencazelo kaProfesa Zhān Luójiǔ (詹罗九) wase-Anhui Agricultural University.

Coordinates: cishe i-29°52′ N, i-118°52′ E.

Origin: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Ānhuī (安徽省, Ānhuī Shěng), isifunda sikamasipala sase-Huángshān (黄山市, Huángshān Shì), isigodi sase-Shè Xiàn (歙县, Shè Xiàn). Izindawo eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza: isifunda sase-Zhúpù (竹铺乡, Zhúpù Xiāng), idolobha lase-Sānyáng (三阳镇, Sānyáng Zhèn), kanye nesifunda sase-Jīnchuān (金川乡, Jīnchuān Xiāng). Itiye elingcono kakhulu lithathwa emagqumeni ase-Lǎozhú Lǐng (老竹岭), entabeni i-Dàfāng Shān (大方山) nase-Fúquán Shān (福泉山). Lesi sifunda sisemngceleni wezifundazwe i-Anhui ne-Zhèjiāng, eduze komgwaqo wasendulo i-“Huīháng Gǔdào” (徽杭古道).

Type: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingavutshelwanga. Lingenhla kwesigaba se-chǎoqīng (炒青) — amalithi e-green tea agazingiwe. I-subcategory — amalithi e-green tea agazingiwe ayisicaba (扁形炒青绿茶).

Facts

Ngokusho kukaProfesa Zhān Luójiǔ kanye ne-“Handbook of Famous Chinese Teas”, ubuchwepheshe bokugazinga okusicaba be-Lóng Jǐng bathathwa ku-Dà Fāng. Indela u-Dà Fāng — “ubaba” ongaqondile wetiye eliluhlaza elidume umhlaba wonke.

Itiye i-Dà Fāng livela ku-“Umlando Omdala Wemibuso Eyisihlanu” njengentela yase-Liǎngzhè — eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-1 100 edlule.

I-Dǐnggǔ Dà Fāng yafakwa ohlwini lwamalithi anikezwa izithunywa zakwamanye amazwe egameni le-P.R.C. — ngokulingana ne-Lóng Jǐng ne-Bìluóchūn.

Ucwaningo lwase-Japan lukhombise ukuthi i-Dà Fāng ingaphezulu kune-oolong ne-Tiěguānyīn ekhonweni lokwehlisa amazinga e-free fatty acids — okuyenza yanikwa igama lesidlaliso elithi “减肥之王” (“Inkosi Yokunciphisa Isisindo”).

Umthamo wonyaka wokukhiqiza we-Dǐnggǔ Dà Fāng — cishe amathani ama-3. Ukuqhathanisa: ukukhiqizwa kwe-Lóng Jǐng — izinkulungwane zamathani. Leli ngelinye lamalithi e-green tea adumile andibilili e-China.

Yilokho okubizwa ngakho i-Dà Fāng yizingcweti zetiye zesimanje: itiye elinomlando weminyaka eyinkulungwane, elatholakala lisethunzini “labamelwane” balo “abahlonishwa” kakhulu — i-Huángshān Máofēng ne-Tàipíng Hóukuí.

History and Culture

Cultural Significance: I-Dǐnggǔ Dà Fāng ingelinye lamalithi e-green tea angaziwa kakhulu umphakathi omkhulu, kodwa abaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wetiye eliluhlaza lase-China. UProfesa Zhān Luójiǔ (詹罗九) wase-Anhui Agricultural University wafakazela ukuthi i-Dà Fāng iyi-“okhokho bawo wonke amalithi e-green tea ayisicaba” (扁形茶鼻祖), kanti i-Lóng Jǐng edumile “iyinzalelwane” yawo, eyathatha ubuchwepheshe bokugazinga okusicaba. Ababhali be-“Handbook of Famous Chinese Teas” (《中国名茶志》), u-Wāng Zhènhéng (王镇恒) no-Wāng Guǎngzhì (王广智), baqinisekisa: “I-Lóng Jǐng, okungenzeka ukuthi yavela ngasekupheleni kwe-Ming — ekuqaleni kwe-Qing futhi cishe yathuthuka ngokuthatha indlela yokugazinga ye-Dà Fāng.”

History: Umlando we-Dà Fāng Chá usuyiminyaka engaphezu kwe-1 000 ubukhona. Ukukhulunywa kwawo kokuqala okuqoshiwe kusencwadini ethi “Umlando Omdala Wemibuso Eyisihlanu” (《旧五代史》): “Ngo-1st Year of Qiánhuà [911] ngenyanga yeshumi elinesibili, i-Liǎngzhè yethula njengentela itiye i-Dà Fāng — ama-catty angu-20 000”. Ngakho-ke, ngezikhathi zeMibuso eYisihlanu kanye noMbuso Oyishumi (五代十国, 907–960), itiye i-Dà Fāng lase liwutiye lwentela. Kodwa ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokugazinga itiye elisicaba elithi Dà Fāng buhlotshaniswa nendela yamaBuddha u-Dà Fāng (大方和尚), owaphila ngesikhathi soMbuso Wase-Ming (明, 1368–1644). Ngokwe-“Rekhodi Lesigodi Sase-Shè” (《歙县志》): “Eminyakeni ye-Lóngqìng [1567–1572], indela u-Dà Fāng yayihlala eNtabeni i-Sōngluó (松萝山) esigodini sase-Xiūníng (休宁), yayinekhono elikhulu lokwenza itiye, futhi sonke isigodi salithatha indlela yaso.” U-Dà Fāng wayeyindela eyayihambahamba, eyafika e-Huīzhōu isuka e-Sūzhōu, lapho yasungula khona futhi yasakaza ubuchwepheshe bokugazinga itiye (炒青) — okwathi kamuva kwaba yisisekelo sokukhiqiza i-Sōngluó Chá (松萝茶) kanye ne-Lóng Jǐng. Isikhulu u-Lóng Yīng (龙膺), esasisebenza e-Huīzhōu ngesikhathi se-Wànlì (万历, 1573–1620), sayibuka indela isebenza futhi sayichaza indlela yayo encwadini ethi “Měngshǐ” (《蒙史》). Umbhali u-Lǐ Wéizhèn (李维桢) encwadini ethi “I-Hymn Yesithombe Sika-Dà Fāng” (《大方象赞》) wayichaza indela: “Enamashiya amahle nentshebe eqhumnayo, endiza njengomuntu wezulu”.

Botany and Raw Material

Cultivar: I-Zhúpù Zhǒng (竹铺种) — inhlobo yendawo ye-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, evumelane nezintaba eziphakeme zase-Shè Xiàn. Amahlumela asentwasahlobo avuka phakathi noma ngasekupheleni kukaMashi, ukuminyana kwawo kuphezulu, amahlumela amafushane futhi aqinile, anoboya obuningi obumhlophe. Amaqabunga aluhlaza, ayakwazi ukumelana namakhaza. Isivuno siphezulu. Itiye elivela ku-Zhúpù Zhǒng libonakala ngephunga layo le-chestnut (板栗香).

Picking: I-Dǐnggǔ Dà Fāng ivunwa ngaphambi kwe-Gǔyǔ (谷雨, ~20 Ephreli). I-Lǎozhú Dà Fāng ejwayelekile — kusukela ku-Gǔyǔ kuya ku-Lìxià (立夏, ~6 Meyi). Ukuvuna kwentwasahlobo yikho okungcono kakhulu; ukukhiqizwa kwehlobo nekwindla kuvumelekile emagreyidini avamile.

Pluck Standard: I-Dǐnggǔ Dà Fāng — ihlumela elilodwa elinamaqabunga amabili ekuqaleni kokuvuleka (一芽二叶初展). I-Dà Fāng ejwayelekile — ihlumela elilodwa elinamaqabunga amabili noma amathathu.

Raw Material: Amahlumela aphelele, angonakele. Ukuvuna kwenziwa ngesikhathi sezulu elomile. Ukulethwa ngokushesha endaweni yokusebenzela.

Terroir

Altitude: 800–1 300+ m ngaphezu kolwandle. Amasimu angcono kakhulu (i-Lǎozhú Lǐng, i-Fúquán Shān) asezindaweni eziphakeme ezingama-1 000–1 300 m.

Climate: Izinga lokushisa lonyaka elimaphakathi ~16°C. Imvula — ~1 800 mm/ngonyaka. Umswakama — 80%+. Inkungu yasekuseni evamile idala umthunzi wemvelo, okhulisa ukunqwabelana kwama-amino acid ne-chlorophyll. Ubusika buyabanda, ihlobo lifudumele ngokusesilinganisweni. Umehluko omkhulu wamazinga okushisa phakathi kosuku nobusuku.

Soil: Ingxenye engaphezulu — inhlabathi enesihlabathi emnyama (乌沙); ingxenye emaphakathi — inhlabathi ebomvu-ne-yellow (红黄壤); i-asidi encane. Isisekelo se-granite, esicebile ngamaminerali (i-manganese, i-potassium, i-zinc). Inhlabathi ivundule, idonsa amanzi kahle, futhi inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo.

Ingxenye esenyakatho-mpumalanga yesigodi, emngceleni we-Anhui ne-Zhèjiāng. Ingaphansi kwe-Tiānmù Mountain Range (天目山脉). Isiqongo se-Qīngliáng Fēng (清凉峰) — 1 787 m. Izintaba ziwumqansa, izigodi zijulile, imifudlana miningi. Izihlahla zetiye zikhula phakathi kwamatshe, emifantwini nasezigodini zezintaba.

Production

Ngezandla, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.

Isikhashana — amahora ama-2–4 kuma-tray e-bamboo. Ukulahlekelwa ingxenye yomswakama, ukuqala kokwakheka kwephunga.

E-panini evutha bhe (铁锅) ecishe ibe ngu-~150°C. Ukwenziwa kungasebenzi kwama-enzyme, ukuvimbela i-oxidation. Amaqabunga athamba ngokushesha, abe lula ukuwalolonga. Ingani isebenza ngezandla ezingenalutho, ilawula izinga lokushisa ngokuthinta.

Isigaba esibalulekile, esihlukanisa i-Dà Fāng kwamanye amalithi e-green tea. Amaqabunga asashisa acindezelwa ngokucophelela odongeni lwe-pan ngezintende zezandla, aqandekeleze futhi alungelelaniswe, anikezwe isimo esiyisicaba, eside kancane, esifana neqabunga lika-bamboo. Kudinga ikhono eliphezulu kakhulu — ukushisa ngokweqile = ukushisa, ukungawacindezeli ngokwanele = ukuhluleka ukuthola isimo esicaba.

Ngezigaba ezimbalwa ezingeni lokushisa elilawulwayo lika-60–90°C. Ngokwesiko — ngaphezu kwamalahle okhuni (炭焙), okunganikeza iphunga elincane “elibhemayo”. Ku-Dǐnggǔ Dà Fāng, ukomisa kuhamba kancane kakhulu — ukugcina uboya obusagolide nephunga le-chestnut.

Ukuhluzwa ngezihlungo ze-bamboo, ukususwa kweziqu kanye nezingxenye ezincane.

Organoleptic Profile

Dry Leaf Appearance: Amapuleti ayisicaba, amade, abushelelezi, alinganayo, afana neqabunga lika-bamboo. Umbala — uluhlaza okotshani okumnyama kunombala ophuzi ngokuncane (翠绿微黄). Ku-Dà Fāng ejwayelekile — uluhlaza okumnyama kuze kufike “konsimbi” (铁色), okuvela khona igama elithi “Tiěsè Dà Fāng”. Isici esiyisihluthulelo se-Dǐnggǔ Dà Fāng: ukuchichima koboya obusagolide (金毫), obucashile ngaphansi kwendawo ebushelelezi — “ihlumela licashile, alibonakali” (芽藏而不露).

Dry Leaf Aroma: Iphunga eliyisici le-roasted chestnut (板栗香, bǎnlì xiāng) — uphawu lwe-Dà Fāng. Liphezulu, lihlala isikhathi eside, linamathoni amancane ezimbali (i-osmanthus, i-orchid) futhi kwesinye isikhathi — nephunga elincane elibhemayo elivela ekomisweni ngamalahle.

Liquor Aroma: Lihle, liyi-chestnut ne-floral, linamanothi amantongomane. Liphezulu futhi “lide” (香高气长). Emabesheni angcono kakhulu — kunomsila omncane “we-alimondi”.

Liquor Color: Ukukhanya okumsulwa, okuphuzi ngokukhanyayo kunombala oluhlaza ngokuncane (清澈微黄). Uhlala umsulwa noma kwenziwa ukuphindaphinda.

Spent Leaves: Amaqabunga aphelele, akhuluphele, athambile, alingana ngosayizi, anombala ophuzi ngokuluhlaza (肥厚嫩匀).

Taste: Kugcwele, kucebile, 醇厚爽口 — “kugcwele, kubuthakathaka futhi kuyaqabula”. Isiqalo esimnandi, ukubaba okuthambile okunobubele, kanye nokubamuncu okuncane kwe-citrus. I-aftertaste — inde, inamanothi e-chestnut namanthongomane kanye nesiphetho esimnandi. Uma iqhathaniswa ne-Lóng Jǐng — “igcwele kakhulu” futhi “ijulile”, inobumnandi obugqamile.

Chemical Composition

Alkaloids: I-caffeine — ukuqukethwe okulingene, okuhlangene nama-tannin, okunikeza umphumela wokugqugquzela othambile nothabeka isikhathi eside.

Amino Acids: Ukuqukethwe okunyukile kwe-L-theanine (ngenxa ye-terroir yezintaba eziphakeme kanye nenkungu eningi). I-L-theanine inikeza ukunambitheka okumnandi kanye nomphumela wokukhululeka.

Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu — kunikeza umbala oluhlaza ogcwele weqabunga kanye nezakhiwo ze-antioxidant.

Ingxube yama-pyrazine kanye nemikhiqizo ye-Maillard reaction (eyakheka ngesikhathi sokugazinga), ebangela iphunga le-chestnut eliyisici.

Minerals: iphrofayili yamaminerali ecebile ngenxa yenhlabathi ye-granite: i-zinc, i-manganese, i-potassium, i-phosphorus, i-calcium, i-iron.

Polyphenols: Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-catechin, ikakhulukazi i-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (i-EGCG) — i-antioxidant enamandla kakhulu. Ukucutshungulwa okungavutshelwanga kugcina ama-catechin esesimweni sawo sangempela.

Vitamins: i-C (iphezulu — itiye eliluhlaza ligcina i-vitamin C eningi kune-black tea), i-B₁, i-B₂, i-E, i-K, i-PP.

Health Notes

Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-EGCG kusiza ukunciphisa ama-free radical, kuvikela amangqamuzana ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative.

I-caffeine esesimweni esihlangene nama-tannin + i-L-theanine = ithoni elinganayo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka.

I-Dà Fāng ngokomlando yaziwa nge-“tiye lokwehlisa isisindo” (减肥之王, “inkosi yokuncipha”) — ama-catechin asheshisa i-metabolism futhi asiza ekushiseni amafutha. Ucwaningo lwase-Japan lukhombise ukuthi i-Dà Fāng ingaphezulu kune-oolong ne-Tiěguānyīn ekhonweni lokwehlisa amazinga e-free fatty acids nama-neutral fats.

Ama-catechin athuthukisa ukunwebeka kwemithambo yegazi, asiza ekuvamiseni i-cholesterol kanye nomfutho wegazi.

I-L-theanine ithuthukisa ukugxilisa ingqondo nenkumbulo.

Ama-polyphenol acindezela izilokazane eziyingozi, asekela impilo yomlomo (ukuqinisa oqweqwe lwamazinyo ngenxa ye-fluoride).

Brewing

Tea Amount: 3–5 g ku-150–200 ml wamanzi.

Teaware: Ingilazi yengilazi (玻璃杯) — ikuvumela ukuthi ubukele “ukudansa” kwamaqabunga etiye ayisicaba, ehlehla ngokushelelayo aye phansi. I-gàiwǎn yobumba lwe-porcelain — ukuze ulawule ngokunembe kakhulu ukukhipha izinto. Iketela elincane (kuze kufike ku-300 ml).

Water Temperature: 80–85°C. Itiye eliluhlaza elibuthakathaka lezintaba eziphakeme aliwabekezeleli amanzi abilayo — izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu linikeza ukubaba kanye nokunambitheka “okuphekiweyo”.

Storage

Container: Esivala ngokuqinile, esingabonisi ukukhanya — isikhwama se-foil esine-zip-lock, ithini likathayela, isitsha sobumba lwe-ceramic.

Enemies: Ukukhanya, umswakama, umoya-mpilo, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, amaphunga angaphandle. Itiye eliluhlaza lizwela kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo.

Shelf Life: Ngokufanele — kuze kube yizinyanga eziyi-12. Itiye elisha (ezinyangeni ezi-3–6 zokuqala) — linamandla amahle e-chestnut. Lapho ligcinwa esiqandisini — kuze kube yizinyanga eziyi-18.

Indawo eyomile, epholile, emnyama, kude namaphunga angaphandle. Ukuze kugcinwe isikhathi eside — isiqandisi (0–5°C) kupakishe okuvaleka ngokuphelele (itiye eliluhlaza lizwela kakhulu ekufakweni kwe-oksijini nasemswakameni).

Comparison

“Inzalelwane” ye-Dà Fāng. Nayo igazingiwe futhi isicaba, kodwa ivela esifundazweni sase-Zhèjiāng. Umbala — uluhlaza okhanyayo (uma uqhathaniswa noluhlaza okumnyama we-Dà Fāng). Iphunga — likabhontshisi, okotshani (uma liqhathaniswa ne-chestnut). Ukunambitha — “kusha” kakhulu futhi “kulula”; i-Dà Fāng — igcwele kakhulu, imnandi, i-aftertaste igqamile. I-Lóng Jǐng — “i-extrovert”, i-Dà Fāng — “i-introvert”.

“Umakhelwane” esifundazweni sase-Anhui. Ayisicaba, kodwa isongekile; inoboya obuningi obumhlophe. Iphunga — le-orchid (uma liqhathaniswa ne-chestnut). Ukunambitha — “kunezimbali” kakhulu futhi “komoya”. Womabili la malithi avela ezintabeni zase-Huángshān, kodwa ahluke ngokuphelele ngesitayela.

Omunye futhi “umakhelwane” wase-Anhui. Idume ngamaqabunga amakhulu ngokungajwayelekile, ayisicaba ane-“netha”. Ukunambitha — “i-orchid ne-vanilla”, umzimba — ophakathi. I-Dà Fāng — igcwele kakhulu, icebile, inokujula kwe-chestnut namantongomane.

Itiye eliluhlaza eliyingqayizivele elenziwe ngamaqabunga wodwa (ngaphandle kwamahlumela). Isimo — “imbewu yethanga”. Iphunga — lisha, linotshani nezimbali. Ukunambitha — “kuluhlaza” kakhulu futhi “kuyaqabula”, “akujulile” kangako kune-Dà Fāng.

Price and Authenticity

Isimo esicaba se-Dà Fāng sibukeka sifana ne-Lóng Jǐng, kodwa umbala umnyama (uluhlaza okotshani okumnyama okunombala ophuzi uma uqhathaniswa noluhlaza okhanyayo okhanyayo we-Lóng Jǐng), iphunga — liyi-chestnut (uma liqhathaniswa nephunga likabhontshisi/okotshani e-Lóng Jǐng), ukunambitha — kugcwele kakhulu futhi kumnandi.

I-Dà Fāng yangempela ivela esigodini sase-Shè Xiàn (歙县), izifunda zase-Zhúpù, Sānyáng, Jīnchuān. Amalithi avela e-Sìchuān noma kwezinye izifundazwe, athengiswa nge-“Dà Fāng”, awawona awangempela.

Uphawu oluyisici lomkhiqizo. Uma esikhundleni salo kunephunga “lotshani” noma “lenhlanzi” — itiye aliveli e-Shè Xiàn noma licutshungulwe ngokungafanele.

Ku-Dǐnggǔ Dà Fāng yangempela, kukhona ubuningi bamathiphu asagolide acashile ngaphansi kwendawo ebushelelezi (芽藏而不露). Emakhophini omgunyathi — uboya abukho.