メイジャン ホンチャ

Classification and Origin

Category: Itiye elibomvu le-author/ le-regional, elenziwe nge-cultivar ye-Méi Zhàn. Lingabuye lihlukaniswe njengezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisezingeni eliphezulu ze-Bai Lin Gongfu (白琳工夫).

Coordinates: ~25°03′ N, 117°57′ E (Anxi, izwe lokuzalwa le-cultivar).

Origin: I-cultivar ye-Méi Zhàn itholakala e-Anxi County (安溪县, Ānxī Xiàn), esifundazweni sase-Fujian — ikakhulukazi esigodini sase-Sanyang (三洋村, Sānyáng Cūn), esifundeni sase-Lutian (芦田镇, Lútián Zhèn), entabeni yase-Yinping (银瓶山). Njenge-itiye elibomvu, i-Méi Zhàn ikhiqizwa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezimbili: Wuyishan (武夷山) — lapho isetshenziselwa khona ukwenza amatiye abomvu aphambili (kufaka phakathi 'i-Jin Mei Bing Ya' — 金梅冰芽); Fuding (福鼎) — lapho ngokwesiko ibiyisisetshenziswa esisezingeni eliphezulu se-Bai Lin Gongfu; kanye nase-Anxi uqobo nakwezinye izifunda ezikhiqiza itiye e-Fujian.

Type: Itiye elibomvu (红茶, hóngchá), eline-oxidized ngokuphelele.

Facts

I-Méi Zhàn ingelinye lama-cultivar ambalwa okungenziwa ngalo itiye yanoma yiluphi uhlobo: i-oolong (ekhanyayo futhi emnyama), elibomvu, eliluhlaza, elimhlophe. Futhi ekusetshenzisweni ngakunye iveza ikhodi 'ye-plum' elijwayelekile.

E-Wuyishan i-Méi Zhàn yaziswa njengengxenye yokuhlanganisa — icebisa inhlanganisela ngaphandle kokucindezela ezinye izinhlobo (拼茶不夺他茶香).

Imbongi u-Lin He Nian wase-Lutian (ngasekupheleni kwe-Qing) wanikela ngemigqa ku-Méi Zhàn: '种梅三万株，终老吾何悔' — 'Ngizotshala izihlahla eziyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu ze-plum — bese ngiguga ngingazisoli.'

Ngema-1990s kuya kwangama-2000s ukushintshwa ngobuningi kwe-Méi Zhàn nge-Tie Guanyin kwaholela ekunyamalaleni kwezitshalo eziningi ezindala e-Anxi. Izihlahla ezindala ezasinda (ezineminyaka engu-50–100+) ziyinsiza eyigugu kakhulu.

Ngokomlando amaqoqo angcono kakhulu e-Bai Lin Gongfu ayenziwa nge-Méi Zhàn — leli qiniso ligqamisa izimfanelo zayo eziphakeme 'zobubomvu'.

History and Culture

Cultural Significance: I-Méi Zhàn ingenye 'yamatiye ayisithupha adumile ase-Anxi' (安溪六大名茶), kanye ne-Tie Guanyin, Huangjin Gui, Ben Shan, Mao Xie no-Da Ye Cun. Imbongi u-Lin He Nian (林鹤年), omunye 'wezimbongi ezinkulu eziyisishiyagalombili zase-Fujian' ngasekupheleni kwe-Qing, owazalelwa e-Lutian, wabhala: 'Ngizotshala izihlahla eziyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu ze-plum — bese ngiguga ngingazisoli' (种梅三万株，终老吾何悔).

History: 'Méi' (梅) kusho i-plum ye-méihuā; 'Zhàn' (占) kusho 'ukuthatha', 'ukunqoba.' Incazelo ephelele: 'iPlum eyathatha indawo yokuqala phakathi kwezimbali' (梅占百花魁) — kubhekiselwa ekutheni izimbali zalesi sihlahla setiye zifana namacembe e-plum ye-méihuā, bese iphunga lazo lifana ne-plum enengcina.

Botany and Raw Material

Méi Zhàn (梅占), futhi eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-Daye Meizhan (大叶梅占, 'i-Méi Zhàn yamaqabunga amakhulu'), kanye ne-Gaojiao Wulong (高脚乌龙, 'Wulong enemilenze emide'). Inhlobo kazwelonke (GS13004-1985), Camellia sinensis. Umugqa ongenabudoda (无性系), isihlahla esincane (小乔木型), sihlaza esimaphakathi noma esikhulu ngokwamaqabunga (中叶类), isikhathi sokuvela kwezinhlamvana siphakathi (中芽种). Isitshalo siphakeme (kufika ku-1.6 m), sinomphimbo oqondile, ihlumela eliyinhloko elicacile, kanye namajoyinti amade. Amaqabunga — made, ayi-ellipse, aluhlaza okotshani okumnyama, aqinile, anemiphetho egobile ngaphakathi. I-Méi Zhàn iyingqophamlando ngokuvumelana nezimo: 'noma yini oyenzayo — konke kuhamba kahle' (百变茶青). Ifaneleka ku-oolong, etiyeni elibomvu, eliluhlaza, nelimhlophe.

Ama-amino acid — 3.6%; amapolyphenol etiye — 27.5%; ama-catechin — 18.1%; i-caffeine — 4.4%.

Picking: Intwasahlobo (okuyigugu kakhulu), ihlobo, ikwindla. Maphakathi no-April — ukuphakama kokuvuna kwentwasahlobo. Ukuvuna ngesandla.

Pluck Standard: Inhlumela eyodwa eneqabunga elilodwa noma amabili ezingeni eliphezulu (kufaka phakathi 'i-Jin Mei' — enezinhlumela kuphela); inhlumela eyodwa enamaqabunga amabili kuya kwamathathu ezingeni elijwayelekile.

Raw Material: Ukukha okumnene, kusenesikhathi kuyadingeka — amahlumela e-Méi Zhàn akhula ngokushesha abe lukhuni (持嫩性较差), okudinga ukushesha.

Terroir

Indawo yezintaba eningizimu ye-Fujian. Ukuphakama: 400–1,200 m. Isimo sezulu se-subtropical monsoon, imvula eningi, inkungu evamile, umhlabathi ovundile obomvu one-asidi omncane. Intaba i-Yinping (银瓶山, 1,200 m) — indawo evela kuyo i-cultivar.

Itiye elibomvu le-Méi Zhàn liphinde likhiqizwe ezintabeni zase-Wuyishan, lapho le-cultivar yethulwa khona ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 (isikhathi se-Minguo). Umhlaba wase-Wuyishan ulinikeza 'i-yanyun' (岩韵, 'umculo wedwala') oyingqayizivele.

Indawo yesiko yokukhiqiza i-Bai Lin Gongfu, lapho i-Méi Zhàn yayisetshenziswa njengezinto ezingaphezulu zobunjalo.

Kusukela ngama-1960s, i-Méi Zhàn itshalwa kulo lonke elase-China — e-Guangdong, e-Jiangxi, e-Zhejiang, e-Anhui, e-Hunan, e-Hubei, e-Jiangsu, e-Guangxi, kanye nase-Taiwan. Ngenxa yokuvumelana nezimo okuphezulu kanye nesivuno esihle (200–350 kg / mu), ibe ngenye yezitshalo ezivame kakhulu futhi eziyizindlela eziningi.

Production

ngesandla. Kusenesikhathi futhi kumnene (早采嫩采) — amahlumela akhula lukhuni ngokushesha.

Emhlanganweni welanga noma egumbini, amahora angu-12–18. Ukulawula izinga — 'ungomisi ngokweqile', gcina ukusha futhi uqale ukwakha iphunga.

ngomshini noma ngesandla. Ukwakheka kwemicu emincane, emide, futhi eqinile. I-Méi Zhàn ikhipha umxhaphazelo omningi ngenxa yenyama yamaqabunga.

amahora angu-3–5 ku-~25–28°C. Isiqondiso esibalulekile — ukuvela kwephunga le-orchid ne-plum. Ukucwilisa ngokweqile kunika ukunambitheka 'okumcaba'; ukungacwilisi kahle — ubuhlungu.

Ngomoya oshisayo noma ngaphezu kwamalahle. Ezinguqulweni zase-Anxi, kuyenzeka futhi ukufudumeza okwengeziwe (提香, tíxiāng — 'ukuphakamisa iphunga').

Ukwahlukanisa kokugcina ngesandla.

Organoleptic Profile

Dry Leaf Appearance: Imicu eminyene, emide, eqinile (条索紧结细长). Umbala — umnyama, okhazimulisiwe ngamafutha (乌黑油润), anamathiphu esagolide ezingeni eliphezulu. Imicu ilingene, iphelele.

Dry Leaf Aroma: Ikhadi lesivakashi — iphunga eliphakeme, 'elinobunkentshane' (香气高锐): i-orchid (兰花香), i-plum ye-méihuā (梅花香), uju, izithelo ezomisiwe. Ezinguqulweni zase-Wuyishan — kunomsila owengeziwe wamaminerali 'we-dwala'. Iphunga linestabiliti, liyabonakala.

Liquor Aroma: Limbozile izigaba — i-orchid, i-plum, uju, i-caramel, iphunga le-spices elilula. Ngokuchitheka — ubumnandi obu-honey nezithelo buyaqina.

Liquor Color: I-orenji-amber kuya ku-ruby, ogqamile, ocacile, 'onerandi esagolide' (金圈) ezingeni eliphezulu.

Spent Leaves: Amaqabunga amakhulu, aphelele, anwebekayo anombala obomvu-ofishi. Amaphethelo amaqabunga anokugqama okubomvu (红边显).

Taste: Kunzima, kugcwele, 'kunjengomalula' (味厚). Imikhawulo eyinhloko — i-orchid, i-plum, uju, i-caramel, imisindo ethambile yeshokoledi. Ubumnandi buphakathi nendawo, 'busheki'. Ubumnandi bomvelo. Inambitheka emuva — yinde, inomkhondo we-orchid ne-plum. I-huigan (回甘) — ibonakala.

Chemical Composition

Amino Acids: 3.6% — ahlinzeka ubumnandi nobulula.

4.4% — izinga eliphakathi ngokuphakeme, linikeza umphumela oqinile wokuvuselela.

18.1% — ngesikhathi sokucwilisa aguqulwa abe ngama-theaflavin, ama-thearubigin.

I-Linalool, nerol, geraniol — yakha inhlanganisela 'ye-orchid ne-plum' ekhonjiwe.

Polyphenols: 27.5% ezintweni ezingaphephuliwe (ngaphezu kwesilinganiso), ngesikhathi sokucwilisa — kwakheka ngenkuthalo ama-theaflavin nama-thearubigin, akha umbala ogcwele kanye 'nomzimba'.

Brewing

Process: Ukushisisa → ukufaka itiye → ukugeza (uma uthanda) → umchamo wokuqala imizuzwana eyi-10–15 → imichamo engu-5–8, enyusa ngemizuzwana eyi-5–10 umchamo ngamunye.

Tea Amount: 4–5 g nge-100–120 ml (indlela ye-gongfu); 3 g nge-200–250 ml (indlela yase-Yurophu).

Teaware: I-gaiwan ye-porcelain — iveza ngokuphelele iphunga le-orchid.

Water Temperature: 90–95°C.

Comparison

Inezinhlumela kuphela, ivela e-Caicha yase-Tongmu. Inobumnandi obukhulu, be- honey, 'nobulula'. I-Méi Zhàn Hóngchá — igcwele kakhudlwana, inephunga le-orchid ne-plum eliqhakazile kanye 'nobuthelezi' obukhulu.

'Umkhulu' — inephunga le-longan futhi (ezinguqulweni ezibhemayo) nomusi. I-Méi Zhàn Hóngchá — ayinamusi, inephrofayili lephunga elehluke ngokuphelele (i-orchid, i-plum).

'Iphunga lase-Qimen' — licashile, 'elingaphakathi', le-rose ne-honey. I-Méi Zhàn — igqamile, 'inomsindo ophakeme', nephunga le-orchid elinobunkentshane.

I-cultivar efanayo, kodwa isetshenzwe ngobunkombane be-oolong. I-oolong — 'iluhlaza kakhudlwana', enezimbali, ine-huigan ebonakalayo. Itiye elibomvu — ligcwele kakhudlwana, ligcwele ukunambitheka, nokujula kwe-caramel noshokoledi.